
Mies van der Rohe’s concurrently designed projects for Commonwealth Promenade Apartments (1953-1956) and the Esplanade Apartments (1953-1957), saw
Photovoltaics (PV) have been utilized in buildings for decades, especially in Europe where legislative support has largely driven the market. With
Closed cavity facades (CCF), a configuration of Double Skin Facade (DSF), consists of a double-glazed unit on the inner layer and single glazing on
This paper explores the architectural shape optimization of typical housing typologies: slab and high-rise residential buildings to reduce primary
It was a challenging design problem: supply a sustainable material for roofing, soffit and fascia panels that would perform in close proximity to the
In 1871, a fourth level Architecture course was offered in New York City that instructed on topics such as heating, ventilation and circulation of